Research & Validation

Methods, validation, bias, leakage proxies, governance, and limitations.

Age Distribution
Age Distribution
Clinical Correlations
Clinical Correlations
Visit Type Proportions
Visit Type Proportions
Demographics
Demographics
PII Scan Counts
PII Scan Counts
Leakage Proxy
Leakage Proxy

QA Report

# QA Report

## Schema and Domain Validation
- Overall: PASS
- Schema: PASS
- Domain: PASS

### schema
- missing_columns: []
- type_mismatches: {}

### domain
- violations: {}

### summary
- schema_ok: True
- domain_ok: True

## Label Prevalence Checks
- Diagnosis: {'distribution': {np.str_('Healthy'): 0.2482, np.str_('Common Cold'): 0.121, np.str_('Hypertension'): 0.1004, np.str_('Diabetes'): 0.0872, np.str_('Influenza'): 0.0802, np.str_('Depression'): 0.0632, np.str_('Heart Disease'): 0.0612, np.str_('Asthma'): 0.0508, np.str_('Pneumonia'): 0.0448, np.str_('Cancer'): 0.0438, np.str_('Migraine'): 0.0316, np.str_('Gastroenteritis'): 0.0268, np.str_('Arthritis'): 0.0186, np.str_('Bronchitis'): 0.0112, np.str_('Anxiety'): 0.011}}
- Outcome: {'distribution': {np.str_('Recovered'): 0.5716, np.str_('Ongoing Treatment'): 0.4076, np.str_('Deteriorated'): 0.017, np.str_('Deceased'): 0.0038}}

## Data Quality Summary
- Overall completeness: 1.0
- Top categorical fields: Patient_ID, Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Marital_Status
- Numeric correlations present: yes

## PII Scan Summary
- Regex pattern totals: {'name': 6814, 'email': 0, 'phone': 0, 'address': 0, 'ssn': 1150}

## Artifacts
- [stats-summary.json](stats-summary.json)
- [schema-validation.json](schema-validation.json)
- [label-prevalence.json](label-prevalence.json)
- [generation_summary.json](generation_summary.json)
- [run-meta.json](run-meta.json)
- [reidentification-risk.md](reidentification-risk.md)
- [datacard.md](datacard.md)
- [pii-scan-report.json](pii-scan-report.json)

Re-identification Risk

# Re-identification Risk Assessment

This dataset is fully synthetic. The following checks are provided as a conservative governance measure.

## Quantitative Proxies
- Uniqueness proxy (lower is safer): 0.9912
- k-anonymity proxy (average equivalence class size): 1.01
- Quasi-identifiers considered: Age, Gender, Visit_Date, Provider_Type
- Total equivalence classes: 4956
- Minimum group size: 1
- Maximum group size: 2

## Quasi-Identifier Combination Analysis
High-risk combinations (uniqueness > 10%):
- Age_Gender: 12.4% unique groups (29 total)
- Age_Gender_Provider_Type: 18.5% unique groups (135 total)
- Age_Gender_Insurance_Type: 21.4% unique groups (179 total)

## Linkage Attack Resistance
- Institution concentration: Top institution represents 0.0% of records
- Rare age-gender combinations: 25.2% of combinations are rare (≤3 records)

## PII Redaction Analysis
- No text fields available for PII analysis

## Qualitative Assessment
- No direct identifiers are generated (names, emails, SSN).
- Text fields are scanned and redacted for potential PII patterns using regex.
- Demographic and clinical attributes are sampled from broad distributions to reduce linkage risk.
- Quasi-identifiers are generalized or binned to prevent re-identification.
- For deployment, consider additional aggregation or binning of quasi-identifiers if needed.
- Differential privacy or noise addition may be considered for high-risk deployments.

Data Card (Excerpt)

# Data Card — structured_health_records vv1

## Overview
- Dataset: structured_health_records
- Version: v1
- Data type: tabular
- Synthetic method: rule-based + probabilistic sampling; fully synthetic
- Annotation schema: Diagnosis, Outcome
- Refresh frequency: on demand
- Governance notes: default PII scan-only policy; regen/redact only on real-risk hits; uniqueness and k-anonymity proxies; synthetic-only

## Generation Information
- Generated: 2025-09-29T13:27:01.560071
- Records: 5,000
- Generation time: 2.38 seconds
- Random seed: 4227293827
- Output format: parquet (snappy compression)

## Dataset Statistics
- Rows: 5,000
- Columns: 73
- Overall completeness: 100.0%
- Columns with nulls: 0
- Rows with nulls: 0
- Exact duplicates: 0
- Numeric columns summary: present

## Performance & Storage
- File size: 0.8 MB
- Compression ratio: 0.04x
- Memory usage: 20.5 MB
- Sample load time: 0.06 seconds
- Processing complexity: low

## Temporal Coverage
- Visit_Date: 2023-09-29 to 2025-09-28 (730 days, 731 unique dates)

## Demographic Analysis
- Gender distribution: Female: 49.9%, Male: 47.9%, Non-binary: 2.2%
- Age range: 0.0-85.0 years (median: 43.0)
- Age Distribution: count: 5000.0, mean: 43.6, std: 24.0
- Provider Type Distribution: Primary Care: 2938, Specialist: 995, Emergency: 803
- Insurance Type Distribution: Private: 2193, Medicare: 1285, Medicaid: 1021

## Age Distribution
min 0, p10 11, p25 23, p50 43, p75 64, p90 77, max 85

## Top Diagnoses (ICD-10-like)
Healthy: 1241, Common Cold: 605, Hypertension: 502, Diabetes: 436, Influenza: 401, Depression: 316, Heart Disease: 306, Asthma: 254, Pneumonia: 224, Cancer: 219

## Outcome Distribution
Recovered: 2858, Ongoing Treatment: 2038, Deteriorated: 85, Deceased: 19

## Visit/Provider Types
Primary Care: 2938, Specialist: 995, Emergency: 803, Urgent Care: 264

## Data Relationships
- Unique patients: 5,000
- Avg records per patient: 1.0
- Patients with multiple visits: 0 (0.0%)
- Strong clinical correlations:
  - Heart_Rate vs Temperature: 0.30
  - Blood_Pressure_Systolic vs Blood_Pressure_Diastolic: 0.34

## Known Limitations
- May not capture rare edge cases or longitudinal dependencies.
- Texts are synthetic and may exhibit templated phrasing.
- Imaging metadata excludes actual DICOM pixel data.

## Refresh & Versioning
- Versioning: Semantic where possible (e.g., 1.0.0); pilot snapshots tagged vN in delivery.
- Refresh cadence: On demand; upgrade path preserves prior versions for auditability.
- Backwards compatibility: New fields are appended; breaking schema changes increment major version.

## Sample Preview (first 5–10 rows)
| Patient_ID   |   Age | Gender   | Race                      | Ethnicity              | Marital_Status   | Diagnosis     | Symptoms                                                        |   Heart_Rate |   Blood_Pressure_Systolic |   Blood_Pressure_Diastolic |   Temperature |   Respiratory_Rate |   Oxygen_Saturation |   Height_cm |   Weight_kg |   BMI | Smoking_Status    | Alcohol_Use   | Allergies         | Pregnancy_Status   |   Glucose |   Cholesterol |   Hemoglobin |   White_Blood_Cell_Count | Medications          | Medications_Detailed                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Procedures                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | Outcome           | Visit_Date   | Admit_DateTime   | Discharge_DateTime   | Provider_Type   | Insurance_Type   |   Length_of_Stay |   Readmission_Risk |   zip_postal_code | county_region_state   | country       | Encounter_ID   | Visit_Type   | Department   | Facility                        | Provider_Specialty   |   Provider_NPI | ICD10_Codes   | ICD10_Descriptions                                                     | CPT_Codes   | CPT_Descriptions                                                               | Regional_DX_Codes   | Regional_PROC_Codes   | Glucose_Unit   | Glucose_Flag   | Glucose_LOINC   | Glucose_Specimen   | Cholesterol_Unit   | Cholesterol_Flag   | Cholesterol_LOINC   | Cholesterol_Specimen   | Hemoglobin_Unit   | Hemoglobin_Flag   | Hemoglobin_LOINC   | Hemoglobin_Specimen   | WBC_Unit   | WBC_Flag   | WBC_LOINC   | WBC_Specimen   |   HbA1c |   CRP |   D_Dimer |   Platelets |   Neutrophils_Abs |   Lymphocytes_Abs |
|:-------------|------:|:---------|:--------------------------|:-----------------------|:-----------------|:--------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------:|--------------------------:|---------------------------:|--------------:|-------------------:|--------------------:|------------:|------------:|------:|:------------------|:--------------|:------------------|:-------------------|----------:|--------------:|-------------:|-------------------------:|:---------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------|:-------------|:-----------------|:---------------------|:----------------|:-----------------|-----------------:|-------------------:|------------------:|:----------------------|:--------------|:---------------|:-------------|:-------------|:--------------------------------|:---------------------|---------------:|:--------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------|:----------------------|:---------------|:---------------|:----------------|:-------------------|:-------------------|:-------------------|:--------------------|:-----------------------|:------------------|:------------------|:-------------------|:----------------------|:-----------|:-----------|:------------|:---------------|--------:|------:|----------:|------------:|------------------:|------------------:|
| PAT83292630  |    64 | Female   | Black or African American | Not Hispanic or Latino | Single           | Anxiety       | fatigue;headache                                                |           64 |                       108 |                         80 |          36.2 |                 18 |                96   |       152.8 |        54   |  23.1 | Former            | Occasional    | None              | Not Applicable     |      81.8 |         128.6 |         15.9 |                      5.7 | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | [{"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "103693007", "laterality": "Right", "performer_npi": "8553599826", "device": ""}, {"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "26544005", "laterality": "Bilateral", "performer_npi": "7454015743", "device": ""}] | Recovered         | 2024-01-02   | 2024-01-02       | 2024-01-02           | Primary Care    | Private          |                7 |               0.1  |             45898 | New Jersey            | United States | ENC32684679    | Outpatient   | Primary Care | Peterburgh Medical Center       | Family Medicine      |     2521290379 | F41.9         |                                                                        | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     5.9 |   1.3 |       506 |         454 |               6.1 |               1.7 |
| PAT54653063  |    53 | Male     | White                     | Not Hispanic or Latino | Single           | Common Cold   | runny_nose;sore_throat;cough;headache;fatigue                   |           98 |                       109 |                         90 |          36.5 |                 14 |                95.4 |       179.2 |        88.2 |  27.5 | Never             | None          | Latex;NSAIDs      | Not Applicable     |      85.4 |         176.3 |         15.1 |                      5   | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Ongoing Treatment | 2023-10-14   | 2023-10-14       | 2023-10-16           | Emergency       | Private          |                3 |               0.1  |             02844 | New Mexico            | United States | ENC55069425    | Inpatient    | Emergency    | Amberborough Medical Center     | Internal Medicine    |     9345586461 | J00           | Acute nasopharyngitis [common cold]                                    | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     4.8 |   3.7 |       354 |         167 |               4.9 |               3.6 |
| PAT83695879  |    72 | Male     | Black or African American | Hispanic or Latino     | Married          | Cancer        | fatigue;unexplained_weight_loss;pain;fever;headache;chest_pain  |           96 |                       126 |                         63 |          36.3 |                 17 |                96.7 |       173.4 |        76.8 |  25.5 | Never             | Moderate      | Peanuts           | Not Applicable     |      70.5 |         195.4 |         12.5 |                      7.3 | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | [{"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "103693007", "laterality": "Bilateral", "performer_npi": "9321916348", "device": ""}, {"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "26544005", "laterality": "Left", "performer_npi": "2474053068", "device": ""}]  | Ongoing Treatment | 2024-07-01   | 2024-07-01       | 2024-07-03           | Primary Care    | Medicaid         |               29 |               0.45 |             25762 | Illinois              | United States | ENC16994786    | Outpatient   | Primary Care | North James Medical Center      | Dermatology          |     0630243680 | C80.1         | Malignant (primary) neoplasm, unspecified                              | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     5.1 |  43.4 |       265 |         298 |               4   |               2.7 |
| PAT96743740  |     8 | Male     | Unknown                   | Not Hispanic or Latino | Widowed          | Healthy       | None                                                            |           75 |                       133 |                         79 |          36.5 |                 17 |                95.6 |       140   |        60.4 |  30.8 | Former            | Heavy         | None              | Not Applicable     |     123.3 |         133.2 |         12.4 |                      8.6 | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | [{"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "387713003", "laterality": "N/A", "performer_npi": "2911639839", "device": ""}]                                                                                                                                                                      | Recovered         | 2024-01-29   | 2024-01-29       | 2024-01-31           | Primary Care    | Medicaid         |                1 |               0.2  |             05164 | New Mexico            | United States | ENC54937070    | Emergency    | Primary Care | Priceborough Medical Center     | Emergency Medicine   |     8407358577 | Z00.00        |                                                                        | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |    10   |   3.1 |       400 |         468 |               7.7 |               4.9 |
| PAT82741722  |    82 | Female   | White                     | Not Hispanic or Latino | Married          | Healthy       | None                                                            |           67 |                       129 |                         82 |          37   |                 17 |                98.3 |       156.1 |        82.7 |  33.9 | Current every day | None          | None              | Not Applicable     |     131.3 |         148.3 |         15.7 |                      7.8 | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | [{"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "387713003", "laterality": "Right", "performer_npi": "7292753889", "device": ""}, {"cpt": "99213", "cpt_description": "Office/outpatient visit, est", "snomed": "387713003", "laterality": "N/A", "performer_npi": "2849075953", "device": ""}]      | Recovered         | 2024-01-30   | 2024-01-30       | 2024-02-01           | Emergency       | Medicare         |                0 |               0.3  |             62149 | Arizona               | United States | ENC62924975    | Outpatient   | Emergency    | Port Jennifer Medical Center    | Internal Medicine    |     6871606279 | Z00.00        |                                                                        | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |    11   |   3.2 |       141 |         501 |               8   |               3.8 |
| PAT34268492  |    59 | Female   | Unknown                   | Not Hispanic or Latino | Single           | Heart Disease | chest_pain;shortness_of_breath;fatigue;dizziness                |           87 |                       141 |                        110 |          37.1 |                 17 |                98.4 |       166.6 |        66.8 |  24.1 | Never             | Occasional    | None              | Not Applicable     |     119.5 |         158.7 |         15.7 |                      6.5 | Atorvastatin;Aspirin | [{"name": "Atorvastatin", "rxnorm": "83367", "dose": "500 mg", "route": "PO", "frequency": "q6h", "intent": "maintenance", "prn": false, "indication": "Hypertension", "ndc": "12643-9428-44", "start_date": "2025-03-15", "end_date": "2025-05-26"}, {"name": "Aspirin", "rxnorm": "1191", "dose": "10 mg", "route": "SC", "frequency": "prn", "intent": "prophylaxis", "prn": true, "indication": "Diabetes", "ndc": "21023-5253-28", "start_date": "2025-01-31", "end_date": "2025-06-06"}]        | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Recovered         | 2025-05-27   | 2025-05-27       | 2025-05-28           | Emergency       | Private          |                5 |               0.25 |             29070 | Vermont               | United States | ENC74399535    | Outpatient   | Cardiology   | North Brianville Medical Center | Radiology            |     3102979720 | I25.10        | Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina | 93000;99214 | Electrocardiogram, complete;Office/outpatient visit, est (moderate complexity) |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     6   |   7.6 |      1360 |         245 |               6   |               2.8 |
| PAT72537467  |    18 | Female   | Unknown                   | Hispanic or Latino     | Married          | Depression    | fatigue;loss_of_interest;sleep_disturbances;mood_changes;nausea |           79 |                       124 |                         70 |          36.3 |                 17 |               100   |       163.6 |        65.7 |  24.5 | Never             | None          | None              | Not Pregnant       |     118.5 |         140.3 |         13.1 |                      5.4 | Bupropion;Sertraline | [{"name": "Bupropion", "rxnorm": "42347", "dose": "10 mg", "route": "Inhalation", "frequency": "bid", "intent": "prophylaxis", "prn": false, "indication": "Infection", "ndc": "40714-6911-19", "start_date": "2025-09-21", "end_date": "2025-09-29"}, {"name": "Sertraline", "rxnorm": "386209", "dose": "500 mg", "route": "SC", "frequency": "q12h", "intent": "maintenance", "prn": false, "indication": "Asthma", "ndc": "71336-7119-42", "start_date": "2024-12-04", "end_date": "2025-04-13"}] | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Recovered         | 2025-07-11   | 2025-07-11       | 2025-07-12           | Primary Care    | Medicaid         |               13 |               0.1  |             15847 | Idaho                 | United States | ENC62528737    | Outpatient   | Neurology    | Josephstad Medical Center       | Internal Medicine    |     3942794429 | F32.9         | Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified                 | 90791;99213 | ;Office/outpatient visit, est                                                  |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     6   |   9.2 |       293 |         289 |               9.5 |               2.3 |
| PAT53931288  |    35 | Male     | White                     | Not Hispanic or Latino | Other            | Healthy       | None                                                            |          100 |                       116 |                         83 |          37   |                 20 |                97.6 |       179.3 |        71.6 |  22.3 | Former            | None          | None              | Not Applicable     |     135.6 |         135.1 |         15.4 |                      6   | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Recovered         | 2024-05-13   | 2024-05-13       | 2024-05-14           | Primary Care    | Medicare         |                1 |               0.1  |             42450 | Vermont               | United States | ENC90564044    | Telehealth   | Primary Care | Bryanview Medical Center        | Orthopedic Surgery   |     1924366319 | Z00.00        |                                                                        | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     5.3 |   3.2 |       312 |         369 |               5.6 |               4   |
| PAT48781189  |    74 | Female   | White                     | Not Hispanic or Latino | Married          | Healthy       | None                                                            |           60 |                       140 |                         86 |          36.7 |                 14 |                97.5 |       152.1 |        70.4 |  30.4 | Never             | Heavy         | Sulfa drugs       | Not Applicable     |     130.5 |         143.5 |         15.6 |                      6.5 | None                 | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Recovered         | 2024-08-26   | 2024-08-26       | 2024-08-27           | Emergency       | Medicaid         |                1 |               0.3  |             85237 | North Dakota          | United States | ENC81528144    | Outpatient   | Orthopedics  | South Stevenside Medical Center | Pediatrics           |     2241887742 | Z00.00        |                                                                        | 99213       | Office/outpatient visit, est                                                   |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     7.9 |   4.5 |       378 |         307 |               6.1 |               2.7 |
| PAT98519411  |    35 | Male     | Other                     | Hispanic or Latino     | Married          | Asthma        | shortness_of_breath;cough;wheezing;chest_tightness              |           90 |                       119 |                         76 |          36.4 |                 16 |                98.2 |       166.3 |        67.4 |  24.4 | Former            | Moderate      | Penicillin;NSAIDs | Not Applicable     |      80.5 |         160.3 |         13.7 |                      9.9 | Fluticasone          | [{"name": "Fluticasone", "rxnorm": "205904", "dose": "500 mg", "route": "SC", "frequency": "tid", "intent": "treatment", "prn": false, "indication": "Infection", "ndc": "99135-2710-57", "start_date": "2025-05-15", "end_date": "2025-09-12"}]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | []                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  | Ongoing Treatment | 2024-05-17   | 2024-05-17       | 2024-05-18           | Primary Care    | Private          |                4 |               0.1  |             16917 | Illinois              | United States | ENC96964276    | Outpatient   | Primary Care | Port Gracebury Medical Center   | Psychiatry           |     3699676188 | J45.909       | Unspecified asthma, uncomplicated                                      | 94010;99213 | Spirometry;Office/outpatient visit, est                                        |                     |                       | mg/dL          | N              | 2345-7          | Serum              | mg/dL              | N                  | 2093-3              | Serum                  | g/dL              | N                 | 718-7              | Blood                 | 10^3/uL    | N          | 6690-2      | Blood          |     6   |   0.2 |       406 |         586 |               9.3 |               3   |

## Governance and Safety
- Outputs are fully synthetic (de novo). PII scanning runs on every build.
- Default policy: scan-only; regenerate or redact only if a real-risk hit is detected.
- Uniqueness and k-anonymity proxies monitored.
- Intended for research, development, and demonstrations; not for clinical use.